Alabama
Alabama authorizes counties and municipalities to issue revenue bonds and general obligation bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Counties have the authority to issue general obligation bonds for the purpose of “extending, enlarging, improving, repairing or securing” the more complete use and enjoyment of, equipping, or furnishing any building or improvement that is owned, purchased, or constructed by the county and for any other purpose for which it is authorized by law to expend money. Code of Ala. § 11-81-80 (3). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure if the county has an ownership interest in the financed distributed water solution, or the county is otherwise able to spend money on the localized infrastructure as an improvement, extension, or enlargement to a water system.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Municipalities may issue general obligation bonds for “constructing, reconstructing, enlarging or extending” public buildings or sewers, and “enlarging and extending” water systems. Code of Ala. § 11-81-51(1). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project enlarges or extends a sewer or water system.
Issuing Revenue Bonds for Water Systems
Any municipality or county may issue revenue bonds for the acquisition, improvement, enlargement, extension and/or repair of a water works system. Code of Ala. § 11-81-166(1). A water works system includes “facilities for the gathering, collecting, impounding, treatment, transmission and/or distribution of water for domestic use or for industrial use or both with all appurtenances to any such facilities.” Code of Ala. § 11-81-160(3). A sanitary sewer system includes “facilities for the collection, transmission, treatment, and disposal of sewage, together with all appurtenances to any such facilities.” Code of Ala. § 11-81-160(4). This authority may allow a municipality or county to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the projects improve, extend, enlarge, or are otherwise associated with a water works system, or are associated with the collection, treatment, or disposal of sewage.
Alaska
Alaska authorizes municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A municipality may issue general obligation bonds for “acquiring, constructing, improving, and equipping” a capital improvement. Alaska Stat. § 29.47.180. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the localized infrastructure qualifies as a capital improvement and improves or equips a water system.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds
A municipality may issue revenue bonds for a public enterprise of a public corporation of the municipality. Alaska Stat. § 29.47.240(a). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project is part of or related to the public enterprise, (e.g., water, sewer, or stormwater utility.)
Issuing Revenue Bonds For a Public Purpose.
Any municipality may issue revenue bonds to finance any project that “serves a public purpose.” Alaska Stat. § 29.47.390(a). Projects that serves a public purpose include “commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, industrial, residential housing, recreation, tourism, and medical projects and programs.” Alaska Stat. § 29.47.390(d)(2). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure, such as water use efficiency, onsite reuse, graywater systems, smart irrigation controllers, and other localized strategies because they serve public purposes and can be applied in commercial, industrial, and residential housing projects.
Arizona
Arizona law authorizes municipalities and public utilities to issue bonds to finance capital investments in water infrastructure. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Bonds for Public Utilities
Arizona municipalities are authorized to issue bonds to “construct, improve, reconstruct, extend, operate, and maintain” public utilities, including water, storm water, sewer utilities. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 9-522(1). This broad authority may likely authorize Arizona cities to debt finance investments in localized infrastructure so long as it counstructs, reconstructs, extendss, operates, or maintains a storm, water, or sewer utility.
Municipal Authorities Issuing Revenue Bonds
Arizona municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds to pay the cost of “improvements, reconstructions, extensions and/or additions” to existing revenue-producing utilities owned and operated by the municipality. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 9-539(1). This authority may allow Arizona public utilities to debt finance investments in localized infrastructure, as long as the improvements and extensions are done to existing revenue-producing facilities that are owned by the municipality.
Arkansas
Arkansas authorizes counties and municipalities to issue revenue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Revenue Bonds
“Municipalities and counties are authorized to issue revenue bonds for capital improvements and performance-based efficiency projects” within the municipality or county. A.C.A. § 14-164-405(a). Capital improvements include water pollution control facilities, drainage and flood control facilities, and storm sewers. A.C.A. § 14-164-402(2). A performance-based efficiency project is any new facility or upgrade to an existing facility that is “designed to reduce the consumption of energy or natural resources or results in operating cost savings” because of changes that “do not degrade the level of service working conditions.” A.C.A. § 14-164-402(12)(A). This authority may allow a municipality or county to debt finance localized infrastructure, as these projects fall squarely within the definition of “performance-based efficiency project.”
Issuing Revenue Bonds for Water Systems
A municipality may issue revenue bonds to finance the construction of “improvements, extensions, or betterments” of a waterworks system. A.C.A. § 14-234-212(1). A “Waterworks system” means and includes a “waterworks system in its entirety, or any integral part thereof, including mains, hydrants, meters, valves, standpipes, storage tanks, pumping tanks, intakes, wells, impounding reservoirs, or purification plants.” Ark. Code Ann. § 14-234-201(2). This authority may authorize a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the projects improve, extend or better the infrastructure, and are integral parts of a waterworks system.
Revenue Bonds for Improvements to Sewage Systems
A municipality may issue revenue bonds to acquire, construct, equip, operate, and maintain a sewage collection system, a sewage treatment plant, intercepting sewers, outfall sewers, force mains, pumping stations, ejector stations, and all other appurtenances necessary or useful or convenient for the collection and treatment, purification, and disposal in a sanitary manner. A.C.A. § 14-235-215(b)(1)(A); A.C.A. § 14-234-501(4). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the projects equips, operates, or maintains infrastructure associated with a sewage collection system or sewage treatment plant.
California
California authorizes cities and counties to issue general, revenue, and limited obligation bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A city may issue general obligation bonds for any municipal improvement. “Municipal improvement” includes bridges, waterworks, water rights, sewers, light and power works or plants, buildings for municipal uses, wharves, breakwaters, jetties, seawalls, schoolhouses, fire apparatus, street work, and other works, property, or structures necessary or convenient to carry out the objects, purposes, and powers of the city. (Cal Gov Code § 43602, Cal Gov Code § 43601) This authority may authorize a city to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project serves a public purpose within the city’s powers.
Issuing Revenue Bonds
Any city, county, municipal or public corporation, or special district is authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, or improvement of any enterprise.” Cal. Gov. Code § 54301. An enterprise is a “revenue-producing improvement, building, system, plant, works, facilities, or undertaking” for the purpose of “obtaining, conserving, treating, and supplying water for domestic use, irrigation, sanitation, industrial use, fire protection, recreation, or any other public or private uses, and the collection, treatment or disposal of sewage, waste or storm water, including drainage.” Cal. Gov. Code § 54309. This authority may allow a city, county, or special district to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project is an improvement to an enterprise that supplies water, or provides sanitation, sewage, or wastewater services.
Cities and Counties Issuing Limited Obligation (Revenue) Bonds
Cities and counties may issue limited obligation bonds for the “acquisition, installation, construction, or improving” of public works or improvements. Cal. Gov. Code § 50665.2. This authority may allow a city or county to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project improves a public works.
Colorado
Colorado authorizes municipalities and subdistricts to issue bonds to finance capital investments in infrastructure. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipal Authority to Issue Revenue Bonds
Municipalities in Colorado are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, lease, improvement, betterment, or extension” of any water facilities, sewer facilities, and water districts in anticipation of collecting revenues. C.R.S. 31-35-403(1). This authority may allow a municipality in Colorado to debt finance investments in localized infrastructure so long as the project improves, betters, or extends a water or sewer facility.
Connecticut
Connecticut authorizes municipalities to issue revenue and general obligation bonds for waterworks and sewage systems. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A municipality may issue general obligation bonds to finance any portion of a sewage system project. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-263a(b). A “Sewage system project” means the acquisition, purchase, construction, reconstruction, improvement or extension of a sewage system or sewage system facility and includes repair, improvement, acquisition or extension, and road, water and drainage improvements customarily made in connection therewith. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-263a(a)(3). This authority may authorize a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project extends or improves a sewage system.
Municipal Authority to Issue Revenue Bonds
A municipality may issue revenue bonds to “construct, enlarge, or maintain” a waterworks system. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-235. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance types of localized infrastructure that enlarge or maintain waterworks.
Delaware
Delaware authorizes counties and municipalities to issue general obligation bonds for localized infrastructure. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A county may issue general obligation bonds for improvements to sidewalks, streets, signs, drainage, and storm sewers. 9 Del. C. § 502; 9 Del. C. § 513. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project improves a drainage system or a storm sewer.
Issuing Special Obligation and Revenue Bonds
Municipalities may issue special obligation bonds or revenue bonds to pay for the “design, construction, establishment, extension, alteration or acquisition of infrastructure improvements.” 22 Del. C. § 1804(c)(1). Infrastructure includes “storm drainage systems, sewers, water systems, roads, bridges, culverts, tunnels, streets, sidewalks, lighting, parking, parks and recreation facilities, libraries, schools, transit facilities, solid waste facilities and other infrastructure improvements as necessary.” 22 Del. C. § 1802(1). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for projects that improve, extend, or alter storm drainage systems, sewers, and water systems.
Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Special Development Districts
Special development districts may issue general obligation bonds for the “construction, establishment, extension, or alteration” of storm drainage systems, sewers, or water systems. 22 Del. C. § 1802(b)(1). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements or construction of drainage, sewer or water systems.
Florida
Florida authorizes counties and municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Capital Projects
A municipality may issue general obligation bonds and revenue bonds to finance an undertaking of any capital or other project. Fla. Stat. § 166.111. A project includes any capital spending approved by a municipality’s governing body and deemed to serve a public purpose. Fla. Stat. § 166.101(8). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as the project serves a public purpose such as, storm drainage or wastewater treatment.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Water and Sewer Systems
A county may issue water revenue bonds, sewer revenue bonds, or general obligation bonds to pay the cost of a water system, extensions to water systems, sewage disposal systems, extensions to sewer systems and water systems, and sewer improvements. Fla. Stat. § 153.06(1). A water system includes any system or facility “used, that is useful, or has the capacity for future use in connection with the obtaining and supplying water and alternative water supplies” such as reclaimed water. Fla. Stat. § 153.02(3). Water system improvements include “water-supplying equipment” that are part of a water system. Fla. Stat. § 153.02(4). Sewage disposal systems include any facility or property used or useful to or has the present capacity for future use in connection with the collection, treatment, purification, or disposal of sewage, or reuse of wastewater. Sewer system improvements include sewer mains and laterals extending the sewage system. Fla. Stat. § 153.02(5). This authority may allow counties to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project improves or extends water supplies or improves sewer systems.
Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Water and Sewer Systems
A county may issue general obligation bonds for the payment of the “acquisition, or construction, or improvement of a water or sewer system.” Fla. Stat. § 153.68(1). A water system includes “any plant, system, facility or property and additions, extensions and improvements” to those plants, systems, or facilities that are useful for supplying or treating water or alternative water supplies. Fla. Stat. § 153.52(5). Sewage disposal systems include “any plant, system, facility, or property and additional, extensions and improvements” to those plants, systems, facilities, or properties that are useful in collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage. Fla. Stat. § 153.52(4). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure, as these projects can provide alternative sources of water and/or be useful in the treatment, collection, and disposal of sewage.
Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds for Water and Sewage Systems
A county may issue revenue bonds to pay for the cost of any “additions, extensions, or improvements” to a water or sewer system Fla. Stat. § 153.63(1). A water system includes “any plant, system, facility or property and additions, extensions and improvements” to those plants, systems, or facilities that are useful for supplying or treating water or alternative water supplies. Fla. Stat. § 153.52(5). Sewage disposal systems include “any plant, system, facility, or property and additional, extensions and improvements” to those plants, systems, facilities or properties that are useful in collection, treatment and disposal of sewage. Fla. Stat. § 153.52(4). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure, as long as the projects improve, extend, or add to any part of the water or sewer system.
Georgia
Georgia law authorizes counties or municipalities to issue general obligation and revenue bonds for capital improvements in localized infrastructure. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties or Municipal Corporations Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A county or municipal corporation may issue general obligation bonds to finance projects for water pollution control facilities and sewage facilities. O.C.G.A. § 36-62-9(1). Projects include the “acquisition, construction, improvement, or modification” of any real or personal property over which the municipality has jurisdiction that is used as water pollution control facilities or in connection with a sewage disposal facility, including property used to remove pollutants in a way that furthers compliance with federal, state, or local pollution control standards. O.C.G.A. § 36-62-2(6)(D). This authority may allow counties and municipal corporations to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the projects improve or modify water pollution control facilities or sewage facilities.
Issuing Revenue Bonds
Any county or municipality may issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension” of any undertaking. O.C.G.A. § 36-82-63. An undertaking includes “systems, plants, works, instrumentalities, and properties” used or useful in connection with the “collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage, waste, and storm water.” O.C.G.A. § 36-82-61(4)(C)(ii). Also, “systems, plants, works, instrumentalities, and properties” used or useful in “connection with the obtaining of a water supply and the conservation, treatment, and disposal of water for public and private uses.” O.C.G.A. § 36-82-61(4)(C)(i). This authority may allow a county or municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as they improve or extend sewage, waste, or storm water systems.
Hawaii
Hawaii authorizes counties to issue revenue and general obligation bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Public Improvements
Each county shall have the power to issue general obligation bonds for the purposes of public or special improvements. HRS § 47-2; HRS § 47-3. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements for a public purpose.
Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds For Undertakings
A county may issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, purchase, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension of any undertaking.” HRS § 49-4(a). An undertaking means “any public works and properties, improvement, or system owned or operated by the county” including water, sewerage, gas, electric, heat, or light systems. HRS § 49-1. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as it is improvements to facilities that are owned or operated by the county such as water facilities.
Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds for Waterworks
Counties may issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, replacement, extension, or completion” of waterworks. HRS § 54-22. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as any extensions or replacements to waterworks.
Idaho
Idaho authorizes cities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing City Coupon Bonds for Water and Sanitary Sewerage Systems
A city may issue city coupon bonds in order to “construct, enlarge, extend, repair, alter, and improve” public water systems and sanitary sewerage systems. Idaho Code § 50-1020. This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure such as an addition or improvement to a public water system or sanitary sewerage system.
Cities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Revenue Producing Systems
A city may issue revenue bonds to “acquire, improve, construct, or extend a revenue producing system” owned and operated by the city. Idaho Code § 50-1026A(a). This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as the project improves or extends a revenue producing system that is owned by the city.
Illinois
Illinois authorizes municipalities and counties to issue general obligation and revenue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipal Authority Issuing Revenue Bonds
Municipalities may issue revenue bonds to finance the improvements or extensions of waterworks systems or sewer systems. 65 ILCS 5/11-136-4. Waterworks means “a waterworks system in its entirety or any integral part thereof including mains, hydrants, meters, values, standpipes, storage tanks, pump tanks, intakes, wells, impounding reservoirs, pumps, machinery, purification plants, softening apparatus, and all elements useful with a water supply or water distribution system.” 65 ILCS 5/11-139-1. A sewerage system means a “sewerage treatment plant, collecting, intercepting and outlet sewers, lateral sewers, and drains, including combined and separate storm water and sanitary drains, force mains, and all other appurtenances, extensions, and improvements necessary, useful, or convenient for the collection, treatment, and disposal in a sanitary manner of sewage and industrial wastes.” 65 ILCS 5/11-139-1. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it improves or extends a waterworks or sewer system.
Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds
A county may issue revenue bonds for the construction, acquisition, or improvement to any waterworks or sewage system. 55 ILCS 5/5-15017. A waterworks system includes a “waterworks system in its entirety, or any integral part thereof” and all elements useful in the connection with a water supply or water distribution system. 55 ILCS 5/5-15002. A sewerage system includes any part of the “plants, collecting, intercepting, and outlet sewers, lateral sewers and drains and . . . all other appurtenances, extensions and improvements necessary in a sanitary manner or storm water.” 55 ILCS 5/5-15002. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as any improvements to the waterworks or sewage systems.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Any county may issue general obligation bonds for the “planning, acquiring, operating, or maintaining” of waterworks or sewage facilities. 55 ILCS 5/5-15022. A waterworks system includes a waterworks system in its entirety, or any integral part thereof, and all elements useful in the connection with a water supply or water distribution system. 55 ILCS 5/5-15002. A sewerage system includes “any part of the plant, collecting, intercepting, and outlets of sewers” as well as lateral sewers, drains, all other appurtenances, extensions and improvements necessary in a sanitary manner or storm water. 55 ILCS 5/5-15002. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as the project maintains a waterworks or sewage facility.
Municipalities of Less Than 500,000 Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Any municipality of less than 500,000 may issue general obligation bonds for “constructing, acquiring, improving, or repairing” any municipal building or buildings used for a municipal purpose. 65 ILCS 5/11-64-1. This authority may alllow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as the project is for construction or improvement of municipal buildings.
Indiana
Indiana authorizes local governments to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Cities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
The city’s commission may issue general obligation bonds for the “construction, replacement, repair, maintenance, or improvement of flood control works.” Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 36-7-15.6-17(a). This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the improvement or maintenance of a flood control works.
Local Government Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Local government may issue general obligation bonds for the “constructing, improving, reconstructing, or renovating” of local public improvements. Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 36-7-14.5-19(a). Local public improvements include redevelopment projects or any purpose of an authority under this chapter. Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 36-7-14.5-6. This authority may alow a local government to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as they are for local public improvements.
General Obligation Bonds for Economic Development.
A development authority may issue general obligation bonds for the purpose of “acquiring, constructing, improving, reconstructing, or renovating” projects. Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 36-7.5-4-3(a)(2). The “”development authority” refers to the northwest Indiana regional development authority.” Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 36-7.5-1-8. A project includes an economic development project. Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 36-7.5-1-13. This authority may allow a local government to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for an improvment to an economic development project.
Iowa
Iowa authorizes cities, counties, and municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Cities Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Essential Purposes
A city may issue general obligation bonds for essential corporate purposes. Iowa Code § 384.25(3)(a). “Essential corporate purposes” include the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, extension, improvement, and equipping of works and facilities useful for the collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage and industrial waste in a sanitary manner, for the collection and disposal of solid waste, and for the collection and disposal of surface waters and streams.” Iowa Code § 384.24(3)(d). This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvement, extension, or reconstruction for the disposal of surface waters and streams.
Cities Issuing General Obligation Bonds for General Purposes
A city may issue general obligation bonds for any general corporate purpose. Iowa Code § 384.26(1). A general corporate purpose includes the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, extension, improvement, and equipping” of city utilities and public improvements such as sanitary, storm, combined sewers, and drainage. Also, for any other purpose which is necessary for the operation of the city or the health and welfare of its citizens. Iowa Code § 384.24(3)(d). This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the improvement, extension. or reconstruction of sanitary, storm, combined sewer, and drainage systems.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A municipality may issue general obligation bonds for the “planning, undertaking, or carrying out” of an urban renewal project. Iowa Code § 403.12(1). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as the carrying out of an urban renewal project
Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds
A county may issue revenue bonds for the construction, reconstruction, extension, remodel, improvement, or repair of a county enterprise. Iowa Code § 331.462(1). A county enterprise includes facilities for the purification and disposal of sewage and improvements to waterworks. Iowa Code § 331.461(2)(b). This authority may allow counties to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is to improve facilities that dispose of sewage or facilities that improve waterworks.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A county may issue general obligation bonds for essential county purposes. Iowa Code § 331.443(1). Essential county purposes include “works and facilities used for the collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage . . . remodeling or reconstruction of public buildings, the construction, reconstruction, or improvement” of waterworks or water mains. Iowa Code § 331.441(2)(b)(4). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as construction or improvements to water systems.
Kansas
Kansas authorizes counties, cities, and municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds
A municipality may issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, improvement, extension, or enlargement” of a utility. K.S.A. § 10-1202(a). A utility is “any publicly owned utility, instrumentality or facility of a revenue” producing character including facilities that supply water or sewage. K.S.A. § 10-1201. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvement, extension, or enlargement to a revenue producing facility such as a facility that supplies water.
Cities and Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds
Cities and counties may issue revenue bonds for the purpose of “purchasing, acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, improving, equipping, furnishing, repairing, enlarging or remodeling” commercial and industrial facilities. K.S.A. § 12-1740. This authority may allow a city or county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is to improve, repair, reconstruct, enlarge, or remodel a commercial facility.
Cities Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Sewerage
A city may issue general obligation bonds to build or maintain the sewage of the city or any part thereof. K.S.A. § 12-631t. This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the sewage of the city.
Cities and Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Cities and municipalities may issue general or special obligation bonds to pay for any improvements. K.S.A. § 12-6a14(a); K.S.A. § 12-6a14(g). This authority may allow a city or municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure for improvements.
Cities and Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds
Cities and counties may issue revenue bonds for the purpose of “purchasing, acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, improving, equipping, furnishing, repairing, or enlarging” of commercial facilities. K.S.A. § 12-1740. This authority may allow a city or county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for improvements, reconstruction, repairing, or enlarging of commercial facilities.
Kentucky
Kentucky authorizes cities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Local Governments Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Local governments may issue general obligation bonds to pay for the improvement or construction of a public project. KRS § 66.061(1). A public project is any improvement which is being used for a public purpose and having an estimated life or period of usefulness of one year or more. KRS § 66.011(17). This authority may allow a local government to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvement for a public purpose.
Cities Issuing Negotiable Bonds
A city may issue negotiable bonds for the cost of acquiring, extending, constructing, or purchasing a waterworks. KRS § 106.050. This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it for the extension of a waterworks.
Cities Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Waterworks
A city may issue general obligation bonds for extensions and permanent improvements to waterworks. KRS § 96.490. This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for improvements to waterworks.
Louisiana
Louisiana authorizes municipalities to issue revenue bonds to finance capital improvements in infrastructure. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Revenue Bonds for Public Utilities
Any municipality may issue revenue bonds to “construct, acquire, extend, or improve” any revenue producing public utility. La. R.S. § 33:4251. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance investments in localized infrastructure to improve or extend revenue producing public utilities.
Maine
Maine authorizes municipalities and authorities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Wth Less than 1000 People Issuing Revenue Bonds
A municipality with a population les than 1000 may issue revenue bonds to pay for the cost of “acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, improving, extending, enlarging or equipping” any revenue producing municipal facilty 30- A M.R.S.§ 5404(1). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improving, extending, or enlarging a water or sewer system or any part of those as long as it is a municipal facility that produces revenue.
Issuing Bonds to Finance Urban Renewal Projects
The authorty may issue bonds in its discretion to finance the undertaking of any urban renewal project. 30- A M.R.S. § 5111. An urban renewal project includes the reconstruction or improvements to utlities 30-A M.R.S. § 5101(12)(C). This authority may allow an authority to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to water utilties in urban renewal projects.
Maryland
Maryland authorizes counties and municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Systems
A municipality may issue bonds to pay for all or part of a system’s “design, extension, alteration, purchase, or condemnation.” Md. Env. Code Ann. § 9-711(a). A system includes water supply systems, sewerage systems, drianage systems, or refuse disposal systems Md. Env. Code Ann. § 9-701(c). This authorty may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as any extnesion or alteration to a sewerage system of a drianage system.
Municipalities Issue General Obligation Bonds for a Public Purpose
A municipality may borrow money for any public purpose and issue and sell general obligation bonds to evidence this borrowing. Md. Ann. Code Art. LG, § 19-302(a). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for a public purpose.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Infrastructure Improvements
A municipality may issue bonds for the purposes of “financing, refinancing, or reimburse the cost of establishing, acquiring, designing, constructing, altering, or extending” adequate infrastructure improvements as necessary for the development and use of land including storm, drainage systems, sewers, or water systems. Md. Ann. Code Art. LG; Md. Ann. Code Art. LG, § 21-410(a)(1). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for altering or extending necessary improvements to storm, drainage, sewer, or water systems.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds for a Public Purpose
A county may borrow money for any public purpose and to issue and sell general obligation bonds to evidence the borrowing. Md. Ann. Code Art. LG, § 19-503(a). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for a public purpose.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Infrastructure Improvements
A county may issue bonds to “finance, refinance, or reimburse the cost of establishing, acquiring, designing, constructing, altering, or extending adequate infrastructure improvements as necessary for the development and use of land” including storm, drainage systems, sewers, or water systems. Md. Ann. Code Art. LG, § 21-511; Md. Ann. Code Art. LG, § 21-504(a)(1). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for altering or extending necessary improvements to storm, drainage, sewer, or water systems.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts authorizes counties, towns, or cities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Bonds for Public Works
Any county, city, or town may issue bonds for the “construction, reconstruction, alteration, remodeling, repair, or demolition” of public buildings or other public works. ALM GL ch. 149, § 29. This authority may allow a county, city, or town to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for remodeling or repairing sewer or drainage systems.
Michigan
Michigan authorizes townships, cities, municipalities, and subdivisions to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Charters or Townships Issuing Bonds for Local Public Improvements
“Each charter or township may make local or public improvements by . . . laying storm and sanitary sewers and separating storm water drainage and footing drains from sanitary sewers on privately owned property for a public purpose, installing water systems, and further may maintain or operate these improvements.” MCLS § 42.31. Each charter or township may borrow money and issue bonds in anticipation of these improvements. MCLS § 42.31. This authority may allow a charter or township may debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvement for a public purpose on private land such as installing storm water drainage, footing drains for sanitary systems, or maintenance to these systems.
Cities Issuing Bonds for Purposes Within the Scope of their Power
“Each city in its charter may provide for the borrowing of money on the credit of the city and issuing bonds for the borrowing of money, for any purpose within the scope of the powers of the city.” MCLS § 117.4a(1). This authority may allow a city to debt finance for localized infrastructure such as improvements to drainage or sewerage systems as long as it is within the scope of the powers of the city.
Issuing Self-Liquidating Bonds for a Revenue-Producing Recreational Facility
The commissioners of a metropolitan district may issue self-liquidating bonds for the purposes of “acquiring, purchasing, constructing, improving, enlarging, extending, or repairing” a revenue-producing recreational facility. MCLS § 119.58. This authority may allow commissioners to debt finance for localized infrastructure such as improvements to drainage, sewerage, or water systems as long as it is to a revenue-producing recreational facility such as a gym or swimming pool.
Two or More Polictical Subdivisions Issuing Revenue Bonds
Two or more political subdivisions may issue revenue bonds for the purposes of “constructing, acquiring, or improving” a sewer or sewer disposal. MCLS § 123.234. This authority may debt finance localized infrastruture such as any imporvements to systems for sewer or sewer disposal.
Municipalities Issue Self-Liquidating Bonds
Municipalities may issue self-liquidating revenue bonds for the acquisition, improvement, enlargement, or extension of a water supply system. MCLS § 124.259. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to any water supply system.
Municipalities Issue Negotiable Bonds for Sewage Disposal Systems
Municipalities may issue negotiable bonds for the “acquisition, construction, improvement, enlargement, or extension of a sewage disposal system, water supply system, or combination” of these systems. MCLS § 124.289(1). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to any sewage disposal system.
Minnesota
Minnesota authorizes municipalities and counties to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Public Improvement
A municipality may issue revenue bonds to finance the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension” of any public improvements. Minn. Stat. § 469.155(3)(a). A public improvement includes sanitary sewer systems, street drainage, and water works systems including “mains, valves, hydrants, service connections, wells, pumps, reservoirs, tanks, and treatment plants.” Minn. Stat. § 429.021(5). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it to improve storm sewers, street drainage, and water works systems.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Drainage Projects
A county may issue bonds to pay for a drainage project. Minn. Stat § 103E.635(1). A drainage project is a “new drainage system” or an “improvement of a drainage system.” Minn. Stat. § 103E.005(11). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as any improvements to a drainage system.
Mississippi
Mississippi authorizes counties and municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Improvements to Buildings
A county may issue bonds to “acquire, enlarge, expand, renovate, or improve an existing building or buildings located in the county or municipality.” Miss. Code. Ann. § 19-5-99(6). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to buildings sewer systems as long as they are located in the county.
Municipalities Issuing Negotiable Bonds for Improvements to Sanitary or Sewerage System
A municipality may issue negotiable bonds to establish, improve, repair, or extend a sanitary, storm, drainage or sewerage system. Miss. Code Ann. § 21-33-301(d). A municipality may also issue negotiable bonds to protect streets and sidewalks from overflow. Miss. Code Ann. § 21-33-301(e). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as any improvements or repairs to sanitary, sewerage system, or any infrastructure that may protect against overflow.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Sewer and Sewerage Systems
A municipality may issue revenue bonds to acquire or improve a waterworks, water supply, sewerage, or sewage disposal system. Miss. Code Ann. § 21-27-23(a). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to a sewerage or sewage disposal system.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improvements to a Sewage Disposal System
A municipality may issue bonds for the purpose of ” acquiring, constructing, improving, enlarging, extending, and repairing” of sewage disposal systems. Miss. Code Ann. § 21-27-179. This authority may allow a municipality may debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements, enlargement, or extensions as long as it is to a sewage disposal system.
Missouri
Missouri authorizes cities and counties to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonda for Improvements to Property
A county or city may issue general obligation bonds to make improvements that will benefit a property within a neighborhood improvement district. § 67.455 R.S.Mo. This authority may allow a county or city to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements that will benefit a property.
Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds for Capital Improvements
A county may issue revenue bonds to pay for a capital improvement. § 67.730 R.S.Mo. This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to sewerage and sewer disposal systems.
A municipality may issue bonds for the purposes of “financing, refinancing, or reimburse the cost of establishing, acquiring, designing, constructing, altering, or extending” adequate infrastructure improvements as necessary for the development and use of
Montana
Montana authorizes municipalities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds to Improve Sewer Systems
A municipality may issue bonds to the “acquisition, purchase, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension of any undertaking.” 7-7-4421, MCA(a). An undertaking considers a “water and sewer system, with all parts of the systems and appurtenances to the system.” 7-7-4402, MCA(3)(a). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvement or betterment to a sewer system.
Nebraska
Nebraska authorizes municipalities and cities to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities and Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds for Improvements in Connection to Enterprises
A municipality and county may issue revenue bonds to defray the cots of acquiring, improving, or financing any project or projects. R.R.S. Neb. § 13-1102(1)(e). A project is “any land, building, or equipment or other improvement, and all real and personal properties deemed necessary in connection therewith,” for manufacturing or industrial enterprises, a nonprofit, or any enterprise. R.R.S. Neb. § 13-1101(3). This authority may allow a municipality or county to debt finance localized infrastructure to make improvements to buildings or land that are in connection with any enterprise such as improvements to sewerage or drainage systems in the building or on the land.
Metropolitan Cities Issuing Special Assessment Bonds
A metropolitan city may issue special assessment bonds to pay for construction of any and all public improvements. R.R.S.Neb. § 14-3,128(1). This authority may allow a metropolitan city to debt finance localized infrastructure such as improvements to sewer systems and drainage systems for the public.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Sewerage Systems
A municipality is authorized to issue general obligation bonds to own, operate, construct, improve, or extend a sewage disposal plant, a sewerage system, or an existing system. R.R.S. Neb. § 14-365.06. This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure in order to improve an already existing sewerage system.
Metropolitan Cities Issuing Special Assessment Bonds for Sanitary Sewers
Metropolitan cities are authorized to issue special assessment sewer bonds to pay for the construction or reconstruction of storm or sanitary sewers. R.R.S. Neb. § 14-517. This authority may allow metropolitan cities to debt finance localized infrastructure which includes reconstructing sanitary sewers and making updates to those sanitary sewers.
Cities Issuing Bonds for Improvements in Districts Created by § 16-667
Cities may issue bonds to pay for improvements to any sewer, drainage or water improvements in a district created pursuant to § 16-667. R.R.S. Neb. § 16-670. The authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is in a district created by § 16-667 and is improvements to that district’s sewer system.
Cities Issuing Bonds for the Reconstruction of Sanitary Sewer Systems
Cities may issue negotiable bonds to pay to “build, reconstruct, purchase, or otherwise acquire a sanitary sewer system, a sanitary or storm water sewer, or a sewage disposal plant.” R.R.S. Neb. § 17-913; R.R.S. Neb. § 17-925. This authority may allow a city to debt finance localized infrastructure such as reconstructing a sanitary sewer system.
Cities or Villages Issuing Revenue Bonds for Improvements to Revenue Producing Facilities
A city or village is authorized to issue revenue bonds to pay for the purpose of “acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, improving, extending, equipping or furnishing any revenue producing facility.” R.R.S. Neb. § 18-1803. This authority may allow a city or village to debt finance localized infrastructure such as making improvements to any building that produces a revenue.
Nevada
Nevada authorizes towns, counties, and municipalities to finance capital improvements to infrastructures through revenue and general obligation bonds. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation and Revenue Bonds
A municipality may issue general obligation bonds and revenue bonds for “any major improvement.” Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 710. 430. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure such as any major improvements.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
A municipality is authorized to issue general obligation bonds for the “acquisition, improvement, and equipment” of a facility pertaining to the collection, transportation, treatment, purification, and distribution of water. Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 268. 732; Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 268.728. This authority may allow the municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is improving a facility that is in connection with water.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Sewer and Water Infrastructure
A municipality may issue revenue bonds to finance the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension” for sewers and water infrastructure. Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 350.370(3). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the improvement, betterment, or extensions of water infrastructure.
Town’s and County’s Authority to Issue General Obligation Bonds
A town or county may issue general obligation and special obligation bonds for the “construction, repair, maintenance and preservation” of sanitary sewer systems and water systems. Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 269.410. This authority may allow a town or city to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the maintenance and preservation or repair of water systems.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire authorizes municipalities and counties to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities and Counties Issuing Bonds for Improvements or Alterations to a Sewerage System.
Municipalities and counties are authorized to issue bonds to pay for the cost of preliminary or final plans and specifications incidental to, or connected with the “construction, reconstruction, alteration, enlargement, or improvement” of a sewerage system or sewage or waste treatment facility. RSA 33:3-c(1). This authority may allow a municipality or county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as making improvements or alterations to a sewerage system.
New Jersey
New Jersey authorizes municipalities to finance improvements to localized infrastructure through general obligation bonds. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Bonds for Sewer and Water Improvements
The municipality may issue bonds of anticipation notes or permanent bond for local improvements including the “construction, reconstruction, enlargement or extension” of a sewer drain or work for the distribution of water. N.J. Stat. § 40:56-1(i); N.J. Stat. § 40:56-13. This narrow authority may permit a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for sewer drains or water distribution.
New Mexico
New Mexcio authorizes municipalities and counties to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Utility Revenue Bonds
A municipality may issue utility revenue bonds to pay for acquiring, extending, enlarging, bettering, repairing, or otherwise improving a municipal utility.” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 3-31-1(B). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure such as making any improvements to a municipal utility such as the sewer or drainage system.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Higher Education Institutions and Nonprofits
A municipality may issue revenue bonds any “improvements to all real and personal property deemed necessary” in connection with any private institution of higher education or any nonprofit corporation. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 3-32-3(A); N.M. Stat. Ann. § 3-32-7(A). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvement to any property that is connected to either a private institution of higher education or a nonprofit.
Counties Issuing Utility Revenue Bonds for Improving Sewer Facilities
Counties may issue utility revenue bonds or joint utility bonds to pay for “acquiring, extending, enlarging, bettering, repairing or otherwise improving water facilities, sewer facilities, gas facilities or electric facilities.” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 4-62-1(D). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure such as extending, enlarging, repairing, or improving water or sewer facilities.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Addistions to Sewer Systems
Counties may issue bonds for remodeling and making additions to “necessary public buildings” and for “water, sewer or sanitary landfill systems.” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 4-49-1. This authority may allow a county to issue bonds such as making additions to a sewer or sanitary landfill system.
New York
New York authorizes municipalities to issue general obligation bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Any municipality may issue general obligation bonds for making capital improvements. NY CLS Gen Mun § 980-j(c). A capital improvement is an addition or alteration to real property which substantially adds to the value of the property or prolongs its life and is intended to become a permanent installation. NY CLS Tax § 1101(b)(9). This authority may allow a municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure to prolong the life and value of the infrastructure.
Cities, Villages, or Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds for Water Systems
Any city, village, or county may issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition or construction” of improvements to water supply systems or water distribution systems. NY CLS Gen Mun § 118-c. This authority may allow a city, village, or county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it improves a water supply system.
Obligation Bonds for Capital Improvements
The finance board for a county, city, town, or village may issue obligation bonds for the capital improvement and the acquisition of land. NY CLS Loc Fin § 31.00(c). A capital improvement includes any “physical public betterment or improvement”. NY CLS Loc Fin § 2.00(9)(a). This authority may allow a county, city, town, or village to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is a capital improvement that is a betterment for the public.
Counties Issuing Obligation Bonds for Public Improvements or Appurtenances
Every county is authorized to issue and sell obligation bonds to “construct or reconstruct, or otherwise providing” other public improvements and appurtenances. NY CLS County § 850(1)(l). A public improvement includes public structures and facilities intended for the use of the public at large. NY CLS County § 850(2)(b). An appurtenance includes fixtures, equipment, machinery, and an apparatus that is an integral part of an office building or installations for water, sewer, and other utility services. NY CLS County § 850(2)(c). This authority may allow a county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for constrcting or providing a public improvement.
North Carolina
North Carolina authorizes counties and municipalities to issue bonds for capitol improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds
County service districts are authorized to issue general obligation bonds finance “services, facilities, or functions provided within a service district.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-308. Services county service districts can provide include “sewage collection and disposal systems of all types” and “water supply and distribution systems.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-301(a)(4), (a)(6). This authority may allow county service districts to issue general obligation bonds for localized infrastructure projects so long as they are facilities or functions related to sewage collection and disposal or water supply systems within the service district.
Municipalities Authorizing Revenue Bonds
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, extension, betterment, improvement, or payment” for the cost of one or more “revenue bond projects” which includes sewage collection and disposal systems, water supply and distribution systems, and watershed improvement projects. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 159-84(a)(4), (a)(6), (a)(8). This authority may allow municipalities to issue revenue bonds for localized infrastructure projects so long as they extend, better, or improve sewage collection and disposal, or water supply and distribution, or watershed improvements.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for “acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, extending, bettering, improving, or otherwise paying” for revenue-producing utilities or public service enterprise facilities. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 159-83(a)(5). This authority may allow municipalities to issue revenue bonds for localized infrastructure projects that extend, better, or improve revenue producing utilities or public service facilities.
North Dakota
North Dakota authorizes counties and municipalities to issue bonds for capitol improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Authorized to Issue Bonds
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for the “construction and extension” of water plants, watermains, sewers, drains, water systems, or sewer systems. N.D. Cent. Code, § 21-03-06(2)(c). This authority may allow municipalities to issue bonds for localized infrastructure projects that construct or extend water plants, watermains, sewers, drains, water systems, or sewer systems.
Municipalities issuing Bonds for Improvements
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for the “constructions and installation of any improvement” for sewers in order to “permit the effective operation” of that system.N.D. Cent. Code, § 40-34-04. This authority may allow municipalities to issue bonds for localized infrastructure projects so long as they improve the effective operation of a sewer.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improving a Municipal System
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for the cost of “purchasing, erecting, enlarging, improving, extending, or leasing any municipal plant, or system. N.D. Cent. Code, § 40-33-04. This authority may allow municipalities to issue bonds for localized infrastructure projects so long as they improve or extend the municipal plant or system.
Ohio
Ohio authorizes counties to issue bonds to pay for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Renewal Projects
County boards are authorized to issue bonds to finance a renewal project’s undertaking and carrying out of the project. ORC Ann. § 303.46. This authority may allow counties to debt finance localized infrastructure if it is considered to be a renewal project.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma authorizes counties, municipalities, and special districts to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Urban Renewal Authorities Issuing Bonds
An Urban Renewal Authority is authorized to issue bonds, including revenue bonds, to finance any urban renewal project. 11 Okl. St. § 38-115(A). An “urban renewal project” includes the improvement of any utility. 11 Okl. St. § 38-10(9)(c). This authority may allow a Urban Renewal Authority to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it contributes to the improvement of a utility.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for General Improvements
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for making general “improvements.” 11 Okl. St. § 22-128. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure to improve sewer and water systems.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improvements to Public Utilities
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds or general obligations for the “acquisition, construction, or purchase of or the making of improvements to a public utitlity or utilities.” 11 Okl. St. § 22-157(A). This authority may allow municipalities to issue bonds for localized infrastructure to construct or improve utilities.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Public Utility Improvements
Municipalities can issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, purchase, or construction” of improvements to any public utility “owned or to be owned exclusively by said municipality.” 11 Okl. St. § 22-153. This narrow authority may require municipalities to acquire an ownership interest in localized infrastructure in order to finance those investments with a revenue bond.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Improvements for to Sewage Disposal Systems
Counties are authorized to issue bonds for the improvement of “public main lines and sewage disposal or treatment plant, including the other property necessary to operate such system.” 19 Okl. St. § 898.6. This authority may allow counties to debt finance localized infrastructure to improve public main lines, or sewage disposal or treatment plants, or to improve other properties necessary to operate such systems.
Oregon
Oregon authorizes counties to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Capital Improvements
Counties are authorized to issue general obligation bonds to finance “capital construction or capital improvements.” ORS § 287A.100(1). This authority may allow counties to debt finance localized infrastructure for construction or improvements.
Cities Issuing Revenue Bonds
Cities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “acquisition, construction, reconstruction, improvement or extension” of projects. ORS § 280.440(1). “Projects” are defined as including “any properties, real or personal, used or useful in connection with a revenue producing enterprise.” ORS § 280.410(1)(a). This authority may allow cities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as the project is constructing, reconstructing, improving, or extending in connection with a revenue producing enterprise.
Cities Issuing General Obligation Bonds
Cities are authorized to issue general obligation bonds to finance “capital construction or capital improvements.” ORS § 287A.050(1). “Capital construction” and “capital improvements” include “water supply, treatment or distrubution,” and “sanitary or storm sewage collection or treatment”. ORS § 287A.050(3)(a),(b). This authority may allow cities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the improvement or construction of a water or sewage collection treatmnent or distribution project.
Authority to Issue Revenue Bonds
Public bodies are authorized to issue revenue bonds by either resolution or nonemergency ordinance for public purpose. ORS § 287A.150(1). This authority may allow public bodies to issue bonds as long as the bond serves a a public purpose by benefitting the public.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania authorizes cities and municipalities to issue revenue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Boroughs Issuing Non-Debt Revenue Bonds
A borough may issue non-debt revenue bonds to finance the “altering, improving, and enlarging” of sewers, sewer systems, or waterworks. 8 Pa.C.S. § 1315. This authority may allow a borough to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is an improvment, alteration, or enlargment of a sewer or waterworks systems.
Boroughs Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Water Systems
A borough may issue “general obligation or nondebt revenue bonds for the extension of the water system or the erection of a new water system.”. 8 Pa.C.S. § 2455. This authority may allow a borough to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it extends or creates a water system.
Non-debt revenue Bonds Issued by Second Class City
A second-class city may issue non-debt revenue bonds for the constructing, acquiring, extending, or improving of existing waterworks. 53 P.S. § 25681. This authority may allow a second-class city to non-debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is extending or improving existing waterworks.
Revenue Bonds by First-Class Cities
Any first-class city may issue revenue bonds for the “constructing, reconstructing, extending, improving, or acquiring” a sewer or sewer system. 53 P. S. § 15731. This authority may allow a city to debt finance for localized infrastructure as long as it is improving or extending a sewer or sewer system.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island authorizes counties and towns to issue bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Bonds for a Project
The legislative body of communities are authorized to issue general obligation or revenue bonds for the “redevelopment” projects or for “code enforcement” projects. R.I.Gen. Laws § 45-33-2(a). This authority may allow communities to issue general obligation and revenue bonds so long as it is for redevelopment or code enforcement.
South Carolina
South Carolina authorizes counties, municipalities, and special districts to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Bonds for Improvements to Facilities
Governing bodies are authorized to issue special district bonds, revenue bonds, or general obligation bonds for “improvements and facilities to be contructed within the improvement district.” S.C. Code Ann. § 4-35-80. Public works eligible for improvements include waterworks systems, water supply systems, and sewer systems. S.C. Code Ann. § 6-21-50. This authority may allow governing bodies to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the improvement of a waterworks system, water supply system, or sewer system.
Issuing Bonds For Improvements by Assessments
The governing bodies for counties are authorized to issue special district bonds, general obligation bonds, or revenue bonds to “acquire, own, construct, establish, enlarge, improve, expand, operate, maintain, and repair” an improvement. S.C. Code Ann. § 4-35-40. This authority may allow governing bodies of counties to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it acquires, owns, constructs, establishes, enlarges, improves, expands, operates, mainains, or repairs an improvement to a water or sewer system.
Issuing Bonds for Improvements
The governing bodies for municipalities are authorized to issue special district bonds, general obligation bonds, or revenue bonds to “acquire, own, construct, establish, enlarge, improve, expand, operate, maintain, and repair” an improvement. S.C. Code Ann. § 4-35-40. This authority may allow governing bodies of municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it acquires, owns, constructs, establishes, enlarges, improves, expands, operates, mainains, or repairs an improvement to a water or sewer system.
Issuing General Obligation Bonds of Special purpose Districts Authorized
The governing bodies for specialty districts are authorized to issue general obligation bonds for the purpose of “constructing sewer facilities, or for any enlargement or improvement thereof.” S.C. Code Ann. § 6-15-130. This authority may allow governing bodies of specialty districts to allow debt financing of localized infrastructure as long as it is for contruction, enlargement, or improvement of a sewer facility.
Counties Issuing General Obligation Bonds to pay for Improvements
Counties are authorized to issue general obligation bonds for the “cost of any improvements” of a specialty purpose district. This authority allows counties to allow debt financing for localized infrastructure as long as it is for the improvement of a specialty purpose district.
South Dakota
South Dakota authorizes municipalities to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Sewer Improvements
In the case of water and sewer improvements undertaken pursuant to chapters 9-47 and 9-48, the municipality may agree to establish, impose, and collect just and equitable charges for services furnished by such improvement or improvements, and to pledge and appropriate all or any portion of the net revenues derived from such charges to the improvement fund for payment of municipal improvement bonds and interest. S.D. Codified Laws § 9-47; S.D. Codified Laws § 9-48.
Tennessee
Tennessee authorizes municipalities and counties to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing Bonds for Urban Type Public Facilities
Counties’ legislative bodies are authorized to issue general obligation bonds or revenue bonds for the “establishment, construction, installation, or aquisition of any urban type public facility.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 5-16-106(a). “Urban type public facilities” include “sanitary and storm sewer lines and facilities, plants for the collection, treatment and disposal of sewage” as well as “water supply and distribution lines.” Ten. Code Ann. § 5-16-101. This authority may allow counties to debt finance localized infrastructure projects as long as the bonds are used for the establishment, construction, installation, or acquisition of a storm sewer line or facility, plant for collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage, or for water supply and distribution lines.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Certain Improvements
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for improvements and have the authority to delegate these bonds to an “industrial development corporation incorporated by the municipality,” or a “public building authority.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-84-305. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it has been delegated to an industrial development corporation, a public building authority, or is being used for an improvement.
Bonds for Public Works
The governing bodies of municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for the “construction, acquisition, reconstruction, improvement, betterments or extension of any public works.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-34-109(a). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it for the construction, acquisition, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension of a public work such as a water or sewer system.
Issuing Negoriable Bonds for Any Improvement
The legislative body has authority to issue negotiable bonds for the purpose of providing means to pay for a portion (not exceeding 2/3) of the cost of an improvement or improvements. Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-33-101. This authority may allow the legislative body to debt finance localized infrastructure for up to two thirds (2/3) of the cost for an improvement.
General Improvement Bonds
Municipalities are authorized to issue improvement bonds “in an amount not exceeding one third (1/3) of the cost of any such improvement or imrpovements.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-33-201. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for up to one third (1/3) of the cost for an improvement.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improving Public Works
Municipalities have the authority to issue revenue bonds “to finance in whole or in part the cost of the acquisition, purchase, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension of any public works.” This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for the aquisition, purchase, construction, reconstruction, improvement, betterment, or extension of a public work such as a water or sewer system.
Texas
Texas authorizes municipalities, counties, cities, and districts to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Districts Issuing Bonds for Improvement to Sanitary Systems
Districts are authorized to issue bonds from the revenues of water and sanitary sewer systems for the purpose of “constructing, purchasing, repairing, improving, or extending” improvements. Tex. Water Code § 53.182(a). This authority may allow districts to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as there is an improvement to a water or sanitary sewer system.
Drainage Districts Issuing Bonds
Districts are authorized to issue bonds for drainage improvements. Tex. Water Code § 56.201.This authority may allow districts to debt finance localized infrastructure so long as it contributes as an improvement to drainage.
District Issuing Bonds for Improvements to Sabitary Sewer Systems
Districts are authorized to issue bonds for “repairing, improving, extending” a waterworks system, sanitary sewer system, or storm water system.” Tex. Water Code § 65.501. This authority may allow districts to debt finance localized infrastructure to repair, improve, or extend a waterworks system, sanitary sewer system, or storm water system.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improvements to Sewers
A municipality may issue bonds payble from ad valorem taxes to construct or improve waterworks or sewers. Tex. Gov’t Code § 1331.001. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastrucuture to contruct or improve waterworks or sewers.
Issuing Bonds for Improvements for Public Purposes
“A home-rule municipality may issue bonds on the credit of the municipality” to make improvements, or for other public purposes, in the amount provided by the specific charter. Tex. Gov’t Code § 1331.052(a). This authority may allow home-rule municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure to make improvements to water systems or sewer systems.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Sewage Disposal Facilities
Municipalities by ordinance are authorized to issue revenue bonds to finance the “purchase or construction of an additional sewage disposal facility.” Tex. Gov’t Code § 1501.002. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the purchase or construction of a sewage disposal facility.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds to Improve or Extend Sewer Systems
Municipalities are authorized to “issue bonds to pay for the purchase of of district property to improve or extend the municipal water and sewer system.” Tex. Gov’t Code § 1501.203. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it improves or extends the municipal water or sewer system.
Issuing Bonds for Improving Buildings or Related Infrastructure
The governing bodies of municipalities are authorized to issue public securities to “construct, improve, renovate, enlarge, or equip” property, buildings, structures, facilities, or related infrastructure for a utility system. Tex. Gov’t Code § 1502.051. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it helps in the contructing, improving, renovating, enlarging, or equipping of a utility system.
Issuing Revenue Bonds for Unincorporated Cities
Counties are authorized to issue revenue bonds to finance a water or sewer system to serve an unincorporated area of the county. Bonds under this section do not constitute debt of the county. In addition, general obligation bonds payable from ad valorem taxes are NOT allowed for financing water/sewer utility systems, UNLESS the county has a population over 2 million. Tex. Local Gov’t Code § 562.016. This authority may allow counties to issue revenue bonds for localized infrastructure as long as it finances a water or sewer system to serve an unincorporated area of the county.
Issuing Revenue Bonds for Projects
Political subdivisions are authorized to issue revenue bonds for “constructing projects” and sell those bonds to the board. Tex. Water Code § 17.188(a). A “project” includes “water supply projects, treatment works, and flood control measures.” Tex. Water Code § 17.171. This authority may allow political subdivisions to issue revenue bonds for localized infrastructure as long as it is a contructing project.
Utah
Utah authorizes counties, cities, or towns to issue negotiable bonds for capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties or Municipalities Issuing Limited Obligation Bonds
A county or municipality may issue limited obligation bonds to finance privatization project. Utah Code Ann. § 73-10d-5(1). A privatization project means “all or part of any drinking water, water, or wastewater project that is owned or operated by a private owner and provides related services to political subdivisions.” Utah Code Ann. § 73-10d-3(12). This authority may allow a county or municipality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for a water privatization project.
Counties, Cities, or Towns Issuing Negotiable Bonds
A county, city, or town may issue negotiable bonds for the “acquiring, improving, or extending” improvements in a county, city, or town, is authorized to acquire, improve, or extend. Utah Code Ann. § 11-14-103(1)(a). Improvements to water and sewage systems are included. Utah Code Ann. § 11-14-103(1)(b)(ii); Utah Code Ann. § 11-14-103(1)(b)(iii). This authority allows counties, cities, or towns to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is improvement or extnesion of anything the county is authorized to acquire.
Cities or Counties Issuing Revenue Bonds
The county or city may issue revenue bonds to extend or improve revenue producing facilities. Utah Code Ann. § 11-14-306(2)(a). This authority may allow a city or county to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is to improve a revenue producing facility.
Vermont
Vermont authorizes municipalities and districts to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for a Public Utility or Project
Muncipal corporations are authorized to issue bonds to “own, acquire, improve, control, operate, or manage a public utility or project.” They may also “borrow money and issue bonds for the purposes of acquiring, improving, maintaining, financing, controlling, or operating the utility project, or for the purpose of selling, furnishing, or distributing the services, facilities, products, or commodities of such utility or project.” 24 V.S.A. § 1822(a). A “project” includes water systems or facilities, and sewage disposal systems or facilities. 24 V.S.A. § 1821(4)(A), (4)(B). This authority may allow municipal corporations to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it improves, maintains, finances, controls, or operates a utility project.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improvements Within a District
Municipalities are authorized to issue general obligation bonds and revenue bonds for the “undertaking of any improvements wholly or partly within such district.” 24 V.S.A § 1898(b). An “Improvement” means the “installation, new construction, or reconstruction of infrastructure that will serve a public purpose”. 24 V.S.A. § 1891(4). This includes improvements to utilities, public facilities, and amenities. 24 V.S.A. § 1891(4). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for an improvement to a utility that will serve a public purpose.
Municipalities Issuing General Obligation Bonds for Urban Renewal Projects
Municipalities are authorized to issue general obligation bonds for “aiding in the planning, undertaking, or carrying out of an urban renewal project.” 24 V.S.A. § 3217(2)(d)(1). An “urban renewal project” includes the “installation, contruction, or reconstruction” of utilities. 24 V.S.A § 3201(19)(C). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the instillation, construction, or reconstruction of a utility.
Virginia
Virginia authorizes governing bodies to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Issuing Bonds for a Revenue Producing Undertaking
The governing bodies of any locality are authorized to issue bonds “for any revenue-producting undertaking.” Va. Code Ann. § 15.2-2608. A “revenue-producing undertaking” includes any revenue produced by a water system. Va. Const. Art. VII, § 10(a)(2). This authority may allow the governing bodies of any locality to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for a revenue-producing water system.
Washington
Washington authorizes cities, towns, and municipalities to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Cities or Towns Issuing Bonds for Local Improvements
Cities or town councils are authorized to issue bonds for any local improvements. Rev. Code Wash. § 35.45.010. “Local improvements” are improvements “owned or operated by a public corporation or by a public coporation and a city, town, or another public corporation.” Rev. Code Wash. §35.43.010. This authority may allow cities or town councils to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for a local improvement.
Issuing Revenue Bonds for Improving Facilities
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the purpose of “defraying the cost of acquiring or improving any facility or facilities.” Rev. Code Wash. § 70A.210.030(3). A “facility” is defined as “any land, building, structure, machinery, system, ficture, appurtenance, or equipment” used “in furtheranceof the purpose af abating, controllin or preventing pollution.” Rev. Code Wash. § 70A.210.020(2). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is used for improving a facility.
West Virginia
West Virginia authorizes cities and municipalities to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Public Improvement
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “contruction, reconstruction, establishment, or acquisition” of improvements to a work. W. Va. Code § 8-16-9. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for the contruction, reconstruction, establishment, or acquisition of an improvement to a work such as a water or sewer system.
Governing Bodies Issue Bonds
Governing bodies are authorized to issue bonds for “improving, renovating, extending, enlarging, increasing, equipping, or repairing” works “deemed necessary in the public interest.” W. Va. Code § 8-16-14. This authority may allow governing bodies to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for improving, renovating, extending, enlarging, increasing, equipping, or repairing a necessary work.
Municipalities Issuing Bonds for Improvements
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “contruction, reconstruction, establishment, or acquisition” of improvements to a work. W. Va. Code § 8-16-9. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for the contruction, reconstruction, establishment, or acquisition of an improvement to a work such as a water or sewer system.
Issuing Bonds for Improvements
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for the “contruction, reconstruction, establishment, or acquisition” of improvements to a work. W. Va. Code § 8-16-9. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for the contruction, reconstruction, establishment, or acquisition of an improvement to a work such as a water or sewer system.
Municipalities Issue Bonds for Public Works
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds to “construct, reconstruct establish, acquire, improve, renovate, extend, enlarge, increase, own, equip, repair, maintain, and operate any municipal public works.” W. Va. Code § 8-16-2. “Municipal public works” include drainage systems, flood control systems, stormwater systems and associated stormwater manaagement program. This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it establishes, acquires, improves, renovates, extends,enlarges, increases, owns, equips, repairs, maintains, or operates any municipal public work.
Powers Conferred on Counties and Municipalities on Issuing Bonds
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “extension or improvement” of an industrial project or commercial project. W. Va. Code § 13-2C-4. A “commercial project” includes water rights and utilities. An “industrial project” includes sewage disposal facilities and facilities for the furnishing of water. W. Va. Code § 13-2C-3. This authority may allow for municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it is for the extension or improvement of a commercial or industrial project.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin authorizes counties and municipalities to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Counties Issuing Improvement Bonds for Water and Sewer
The boards of counties are authorized to issue bonds, including improvement bonds for “the subject matter of water and sewers.” Wis. Stat. § 59.03(2)(a). This authority may allow the boards of counties to debt finance localized infrastructure projects that deal with water and sewers.
Municipalities Borrowing Money for Public Projects
Municipalities are authorized to issue bonds to “finance any project undertaken for a public purpose.” Wis. Stat § 67.04(2)(a). A “project” is the “acquisition, leasing, planning, design, construction, development, extension, enlargement, renovation, rebuilding, repair or improvement of land, waters, property, highways, buildings, equipment or facilities.” Wis. Stat § 67.04(1)(ar). “Public purpose” means the “performance of any power or duty of the issuing municipality.” Wis. Stat § 67.04(1)(b). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for any water project serving a public purpose.
Municipalities Issuing Revenue Bonds for Public Utilities
Municipalities are authorized to issue revenue bonds for the “purchasing, acquiring, leasing, constructing, extending, adding to, improving, conducting, controlling, operating or managing a public utility.” Wis. Stat. § 66.0621(3). A “public utility” is any “revenue producing facility or enterprise owned by a municipality” and operated for the performance of any power or duty of the issuing municipality including sewerage systems and any other necessary public works projects. Wis. Stat. § 66.0621(1)(b). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure to purchase, acquire, lease, construct, extend, add, improve, conduct, control, operate or manage a public utility including a sewerage system.
Municipalities Issuing Public Improvement Bonds
Municipalities are authorized to issue public improvement bonds to “finance the cost of construction or acquisition . . . of any revenue-producing improvement of the municipality.” Wis. Stat. § 66.0619(1). A “public improvement” means “any public improvement which a municipality can lawfully own and operate,” which they expect to derive revenues. Wis. Stat. § 66.0619(1)(d). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure for the construction or acquisition of a improvement that creates revenue for a municipality.
Municipalities Issuing Obligation and Revenue Bonds for Sewer Improvements
Municipalities are authorized to issue municipal obligation or revenue bonds to “contruct, acquire or lease, extend or improve” sewage, storm, or surface water facilities. Wis. Stat. § 66.0821(2)(a)(1), (3)(a). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure to construct, acquire, lease, extend, or improve a sewage, storm, or surface water facility.
Wyoming
Wyoming authorizes counties, towns, and municipalities to issue bonds capital improvements. Click on the sections below to explore these legal authorities and how they might apply to localized infrastructure.
Cities and Towns Issuing Revenue Bonds to Improve a Sewerage System
Cities or towns are authorized to issue revenue bonds to “construct, reconstruct, improve, and extend” a sewerage system to “aid in the prevention and abatement of water pollution.” Wyo. Stat. § 15-7-502(a)(i), (a)(ii). This authority may allow cities or towns to issue revenue bonds to finance localized infrastructure as long as it constructs, reconstructs, improves, or extends a sewerage system.
Governing Bodies Issue Bonds for Projects
The governing bodies’ of municipalities are authorized to issue bonds for the “financing, acquisitions, improvement, equipment, and completion of any development project.” Wyo. Stat. § 15-9-210(a), (b). A “development project” includes “the planning or management of development or improvement activities, and . . . maintenance of public areas. Wyo. Stat. § 15-9-202(a)(v)(A), (a)(v)(B). This authority may allow municipalities to debt finance localized infrastructure as long as it finances, acquires, imrpoves, equips, or completes a development project.
